Mozambique
Mozambique is a vigorous style of Cuban music and dance derived, like the conga, from music of Cuban street carnivals or comparsas. It was invented or developed by Pello el Afrokan (Pedro Izquierdo) in 1963.
Mozambique features many African instruments, including many different types of drum, as well as the traditional Cuban conga drums and sometimes the saxophone.
The style made its début in 1963, in Havana, on the television programme Ritmos de Juventud, with the presenter surrounded by drummers so in tune with each other that they created a piano-like sound, while simultaneously performing the Mozambique dance, which consists of bending the knee and lowering the body at the same time as lifting up a foot while returning the body to its normal upright position, continuing to bend the knees, lowering the body and lifting alternate feet as quickly and vigorously as possible. The Mozambique peaked in 1965, when Pello took a group to the Olympics in Paris, then was quickly discarded. Apparently, it needed 16 drums to work properly.
Pello's composition, María Caracoles, performed by Eddie Palmieri, sold hugely. Carlos Santana has recorded a Mozambique-like song using an organ. Drummer Steve Gadd can be heard emulating a Mozambique-style rhythm on drumset during Paul Simon's song "Late in the Evening".